The horse (equus caballus) have been on earth for millions of years. They where first small and where multi-toed. Today the horse has evolved into a single-toed animal that comes in many different sizes and colors. From very small horses like the miniature to very large horses like the Shire. Today, there are over 300 breeds of horses in the world. The size and color really depend on the breed. The most common colors are bay, chestnut and black. There are also many different color variations. There are horses that have spots like the appaloosas or paints. Also there is no such thing as a albino horse. There are either cremello, perlino, or champagne, which are variations of cream.

Horses are designed to use speed to escape predators, and have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight instinct. Which means that a horse will most likely run away from something that startles it. Mares( female horses) will carry their young for 11 months. The foal (baby horse) will learn to stand and eventually run only moments after birth. Horses reach full adult development by age 5, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. Most domesticated horse will being to be trained from 2 to 3 years of age. A adult female horse is called a mare and a adult male is called a stallion. A adult castrated male is called a gelding. Geldings are much more calm and are safer than stallions.

Horses can be trained in many different ways. There is western and english which are the ways of riding. Some western disciplines are western pleasure, reining, and cutting. The western saddle has a saddle horn which was originally used to help rope cows. It is larger that the english saddle. The most common horse breeds used are the quarter horse or the paint horse. Some english disciplines are dressage, show jumping, and eventing. Horse racing is consider english because of the saddle that is used. The english saddle is smaller than the western and doesn't have a horn. The most used horse breeds are mostly any type of sport horse like the thoroughbred.