This is meant to be the last of the Realistic people articles and will do a summary of the previous four parts and add a little new to the things we have already learnt .




Realism
Realism is a visual art style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see.
Drawing realistic people takes: practise, time, sensitivity to what you're seeing, and control of your hand-eye co-ordination.

Genres

-Classical realism (combining elements of neoclassicism and realism.)
Artists in this genre draw and paint by observating the nature, and avoid using photographs as references.
Also points to the ancient Greeks.
-Fantastic realism
Style and techniques are realistic, but the subjects and scenes are unusual.
-Figurative art
Artworks, usually paintings and sculptures, which clearly represent the real object
-Illustration
An illustration stresses subject more than form. Often used in storybooks, textbooks and manuals.
-Genre works
Represent scenes or events from everyday life
-Heroic realism
Art often used as propaganda. Includes the Socialist realism (which purpose was to further the goals of socialism and communism.)
-Magic realism , or magical realism
Magical elements or illogical scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic setting.
-Naturalism
Depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.
Darwinian perspective of life was an important part of the naturalist movement.
-Nouveau Réalisme (New Realism)
An artistic movement founded by the art critic Pierre restany and the painter Yves Klein.
Has often been compared to the Pop Art movement.
-Photorealism
Is based on making a painting of a photograph.
Hyperrealism
Photorealism and hyperrealism often evoke questions about the reasons of just copying photographs? =
Practice (copying photos helps you to learn how to draw and can also be a way to show others that you already can draw), commissions (some people pay to get portraits of themselves and others they value), question of taste (there is no point in arguing about taste).
-Romantic realism
Deals with value while also acknowledging the importance of technique and reality.
-Social realism
Depicts social and racial injustice, or other hardships, often depicting working-class heroic.
-American realism
Depicted a contemporary view of what was happening.
-(Mihail Bahtin's (Бахти́н 'grotesque realism'
Human's body and it's functions become the center of focus and everything that is more spiritual or abstract gets degraded. )

Tools

-A Pencil: graphite, carbon or charcoal and clay
“H” stands for hardness, “B” for blackness and “F” for fine point.
The standard writing pencil is graded HB.
Koh-i-noor: twenty grades from 10H to 8B for its 1500 series.
Derwent: twenty grades from 9H to 9B for its Graphic pencils.
Staedtler: nineteen grades from 9H to 8B for its Mars Lumograph pencils.
Vincent van Gogh is said to have used only Faber-Castell pencils.
Often used with pencils:
- tortillons (tightly rolled sheets of paper), blending stumps, paper tissues, erasers.
kneaded eraser (or putty rubber) is made of material that resembles gum or Blue Tack.
It does not wear away and leave behind eraser residue. Kneaded erasers can be shaped by hand. They can eventually be unable to absorb any more graphite or charcoal.



-A mechanical pencil or automatic pencil
No need to sharpen
Common sizes are .3, .5, .7, .9, 1.1, and 1.6 millimetres.



-Coloured pencils or crayon pencils



-Watercolor pencils
a wet brush



-Pens: liquid

-Pastels


-Charcoal
Often used with charcoal:
Fixative
Putty eraser (see above)
container to hold the charcoal dust.
Brushes



-Painting: oilpaint, watercolours, acryls, gouasche, ink.
to a surfaces such as: wall, paper, canvas, wood.



-Digital painting is an emerging art form in which traditional painting techniques such as watercolours, oil paint etc. are applied using digital tools.




Anatomy
Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body.




-The general shape of a human body is defined mainly by skeletal structure, muscles and fat, but other things that can also affect the appearance of the body are:
sex, age, posture, walking style, clothing, high heeled shoes.



-The Face:
The facial muscles change as an expression changes.



Eyes are pretty unique to a person.




A Child
-Babies' heads are extremely large in proportion to the rest of their body. The head of a very young child makes up about a quarter of his/her total height. By the time the child is six or seven, the head is about a sixth of his/her height.
-A child's head is rounder than that of an adult.
-Humans are born with eyeballs at almost adult size, so a baby's eyes appear very large.
-Before puberty, body differences between boys and girls are almost entirely restricted to the genitalia.
-Skeleton grows only up to the point at which a human reaches adulthood and remains pretty much the same throughout his or her whole life.



A Male
-By the end of puberty, adult men have heavier bones and nearly twice as much skeletal muscle.
-Facial-bone features: A more prominent brow bone, A squarer jaw, larger nose bone.
-Broad shoulders and expanded chest are normal in males.
-Smaller buttocks, bigger chests and wider shoulders make a V-shaped torso.
In classical art (especially Greek), the dominant image of physical beauty was that of the male athlete.



A Female
-The hips get widen and fat tissue increases, especially in the typical female areas; breasts, hips, buttocks, thighs.
-In contrast to males, on women a smaller nose makes for a fuller upper lip.
-The female body is narrower in the waist, than the male body, both in front and profile view. The waist is narrower than the chest region due to the breasts, and narrower than the hip region due to the width of the buttocks, which results in the hourglass shape.
-Somewhere around the age of 50 fat migrates from the buttocks, hips and thighs to the waist and stomach.



Ageing
Some signs of ageing:
-Fine lines and wrinkles.
-Rough skin texture, skin dryness and uneven skin tone
-Visible pores
-Age spots
-The hair loses its pigmentation and turns gray or white.
-The nails become thicker

There can still be grace and beauty found from the portraits of the older persons.





The previous articles: 'Realistic people I' , 'Realistic people II' , 'Realistic people III' and 'Realistic people IV' .